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aerial photograph of Oxford Castle, Oxford England UK. Oxford Castle was originally constructed of timber shortly after the Norman conquest. The castle was built on the site of the Saxon town walls, some parts of which were incorporated into the castle including the Saxon tower in the lower foreground of the image. The castle was rebuilt in stone in the 13th century.In 1142 the castle was besieged during the Anachy when Empress Matilda held out for a time against King Stephen. From the 14th century until the Civil War, the castle was mainly used as a prison and administrative centre. The site was refortified during the English Civil War which included removal of much of the original medieval structure. After the civil war the castle reverted to use as a prison and extensive prison buildings were built in the 18th and 19th centuries. This use continued until 1996 and now the remaining prison buildings are used as a hotel.
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